Design UX/UI & Conception fonctionnelle (H/F)

Primal
Full-timeClapiers, France

📍 Job Overview

Job Title: Design UX/UI & Conception fonctionnelle (H/F)

Company: Primal

Location: Clapiers, Occitanie, France

Job Type: FULL_TIME

Category: UX/UI Design & Functional Conception

Date Posted: 2026-08-07

Experience Level: 2-5 Years

Remote Status: Hybrid

🚀 Role Summary

  • This role is pivotal in shaping the user experience and interface design for Primal's intelligent IoT solutions, focusing on user-centricity and intuitive design principles.

  • You will be responsible for translating complex business needs and user insights into clear, actionable functional specifications and detailed technical documentation.

  • This position requires a strong blend of creative design skills and analytical thinking, bridging the gap between business stakeholders and technical development teams.

  • The role contributes directly to the innovation and quality of Primal's products in sectors like health, environment, and connected pools, aligning with their #TechForGood mission.

📝 Enhancement Note: While the job title is "Design UX/UI & Conception fonctionnelle," the description clearly indicates a hybrid role that requires both strong UX/UI design capabilities and the ability to perform detailed functional analysis and specification writing. This is common in smaller to mid-sized tech companies where roles may encompass broader responsibilities. The emphasis on "solutions intelligentes et utiles" and "IoT intelligent" positions this within the technology sector with a focus on tangible product development.

📈 Primary Responsibilities

  • User Needs Analysis & Journey Design:

    • Gather and understand requirements from internal teams and management, identifying key business challenges and user needs.
    • Analyze existing user behaviors and data to pinpoint functional impacts and opportunities for improvement.
    • Translate identified needs into simple, intuitive, and coherent user journeys across web and mobile applications.
    • Develop wireframes, mockups, and interactive prototypes to visualize and communicate proposed solutions effectively.
    • Present design options to management and technical teams to facilitate informed decision-making and strategy alignment.
    • Ensure a consistent and cohesive user experience across all Primal applications.
  • Functional Specification Development:

    • Write detailed functional specifications for approved features, clearly describing expected behaviors, business rules, use cases, interface states, and user flows.
    • Maintain and update all functional specifications throughout the project lifecycle.
  • Functional Project Leadership:

    • Serve as the primary functional point of contact for development and testing teams, providing guidance and answering queries during the implementation phase.
    • Act as a liaison between Commerce, Support, Development, Testing, and Management teams to ensure seamless communication and alignment.
    • Verify that developed features conform to approved specifications and participate in functional acceptance testing.
    • Track the resolution of any discrepancies identified during testing, ensuring a smooth transition to production.
    • Own the functional aspect of projects from initial requirement gathering through to final delivery.
  • Project Advancement & Coordination:

    • Monitor the progress of development tasks and contribute to maintaining project timelines.
    • Proactively identify and address any blocking points, facilitating communication and collaboration among various stakeholders.
    • Provide clear and regular updates on project status to all relevant parties.
  • Continuous Improvement:

    • Stay abreast of the latest UX/UI best practices, design trends, and industry standards through continuous learning and research.

    • Contribute to the creation of internal communication materials and graphic support as needed.

📝 Enhancement Note: The responsibilities are clearly segmented, highlighting a dual focus on creative design and rigorous functional documentation. The "Être le référent fonctionnel des projets" section emphasizes the ownership and cross-functional communication aspects of the role, suggesting a need for strong interpersonal and project management skills beyond pure design. The mention of "ISO 9001" and "Ecovadis" certifications implies a company culture that values structured processes and quality management, which should be reflected in how candidates present their experience.

🎓 Skills & Qualifications

Education:

  • Higher education degree in UX/UI Design, Human-Computer Interaction, or a related field. Experience:

  • Minimum of 3 years of professional experience in a similar UX/UI Design and Functional Conception role.

  • Proven track record of designing and delivering user-centric digital products. Required Skills:

  • UX/UI Design Proficiency: Expertise in user research, user journey mapping, wireframing, prototyping, and visual design principles.

  • Design Tool Mastery: Advanced proficiency in industry-standard design tools such as Figma, Adobe XD, or Sketch.

  • Functional Analysis & Specification: Ability to meticulously gather requirements, analyze business needs, and translate them into clear, detailed functional specifications.

  • User Flow Design: Skill in mapping out intuitive and efficient user flows for complex applications.

  • Analytical & Problem-Solving Skills: Strong capacity to analyze user data, identify issues, and propose effective design and functional solutions.

  • Cross-Functional Communication: Excellent ability to communicate effectively with diverse stakeholders, including business teams, technical developers, testers, and management.

  • Organizational Skills: Proven ability to manage multiple projects, prioritize tasks, and maintain organized documentation.

  • Attention to Detail: A meticulous approach to design and documentation, ensuring accuracy and consistency.

Preferred Skills:

  • Experience with IoT products or connected devices.

  • Familiarity with Agile development methodologies.

  • Basic understanding of front-end development principles (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) to better collaborate with developers.

  • Experience in creating and maintaining design systems.

  • Familiarity with user testing methodologies and incorporating feedback.

📝 Enhancement Note: The requirement for 3 years of experience, combined with the dual nature of the role (UX/UI design and functional specification), suggests a mid-level position. The emphasis on both creative tools (Figma, Adobe XD, Sketch) and analytical documentation ("rédiger les spécifications fonctionnelles détaillées") indicates the need for a well-rounded candidate. The mention of "créativité" alongside "esprit d'analyse" and "organisation" points to a candidate who can balance artistic vision with structured execution.

📊 Process & Systems Portfolio Requirements

Portfolio Essentials:

  • Demonstrated UX/UI Design Process: Showcase a clear, step-by-step design process from research and ideation through to final design and testing.

  • Functional Specification Examples: Include samples of detailed functional specifications you have written, highlighting clarity, completeness, and structure.

  • Wireframes, Mockups & Prototypes: Present a range of design artifacts, from low-fidelity wireframes to high-fidelity interactive prototypes, demonstrating your ability to visualize user flows and interface elements.

  • Problem-Solving Case Studies: Detail specific user problems or business challenges you have addressed, outlining your approach, the solutions you designed, and the positive outcomes achieved (e.g., improved conversion rates, reduced support tickets, enhanced user satisfaction).

  • Cross-Functional Collaboration Evidence: If possible, include examples or descriptions of how you have effectively collaborated with development, QA, and business teams.

Process Documentation:

  • Workflow Design & Optimization: Provide examples of how you have mapped out and optimized user workflows to improve efficiency and user experience.

  • System Implementation Standards: Showcase your ability to document system behaviors and user interactions in a way that guides development and testing accurately.

  • Metrics & Impact Measurement: Demonstrate how you have tracked the impact of your designs and functional specifications, using metrics to inform improvements and showcase ROI.

📝 Enhancement Note: For a role blending UX/UI design and functional conception, a portfolio is critical. It should not only showcase visual design skills but also the candidate's ability to think analytically and document complex requirements. The expectation is to see not just finished designs, but the thought process, the problem-solving, and the documentation that supports it. Candidates should be prepared to walk through their portfolio and explain their decision-making at each stage.

💵 Compensation & Benefits

Salary Range:

  • Estimated Range: €35,000 - €50,000 per year (gross)

  • Rationale: Based on the location (Clapiers, France), the experience level (3 years minimum), the hybrid work arrangement, and the specific blend of UX/UI design and functional specification skills required, this range is estimated using industry benchmarks for similar roles in the Occitanie region of France. The variable collective bonus (equivalent to 1-2 months' salary) can significantly increase the total compensation.

  • Research Methodology: This estimate draws from publicly available salary data for UX/UI Designers and Functional Analysts in France, adjusted for regional cost of living and the specific demands of the role as described.

Benefits:

  • Competitive Fixed Salary: Based on experience and qualifications.

  • Collective Variable Bonus: Equivalent to 1 to 2 months of salary, tied to team performance.

  • Employee Savings Plan (Épargne Salariale): A company-sponsored savings scheme.

  • RTT Days: Compensatory time off for working beyond standard hours (39h week).

  • Additional Leave: Beyond statutory vacation days.

  • Seniority Bonus (Prime d’ancienneté): Rewarding long-term commitment to the company.

  • Family Health Insurance (Mutuelle Familiale): Comprehensive health coverage for employees and their families.

  • Company Daycare (Crèche d’entreprise): On-site or affiliated childcare facilities.

  • Ergonomics Workshops: Initiatives focused on workplace well-being and physical health.

  • Massage Sessions: On-site or organized wellness activities.

  • Quality of Life: The benefit of living and working in Clapiers, near Montpellier.

Working Hours:

  • Full-time, 39 hours per week.

  • Non-managerial (non-cadre) status.

  • Hybrid work arrangement, with occasional telecommuting.

📝 Enhancement Note: The salary range is an estimate, and candidates should prepare to discuss their expectations during the interview process. The benefits package is quite comprehensive, particularly the collective bonus and the focus on work-life balance and employee well-being (QVCT actions, crèche). The 39-hour work week is standard in France for non-cadre roles, and the hybrid arrangement offers flexibility.

🎯 Team & Company Context

🏢 Company Culture

Industry: Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Devices, Technology, Health Tech, Environmental Tech, Connected Pool Solutions.

Company Size: Over 200 employees. This indicates a mid-sized company with established processes but still agile enough for cross-functional collaboration and rapid growth. For operations professionals, this size often means opportunities for broader impact and less rigid departmental silos compared to very large enterprises.

Founded: Over 40 years of expertise. This long history suggests stability, deep industry knowledge, and a proven track record, while their current focus on "innovation" and "IoT intelligent" shows a commitment to modern technology and future growth.

Team Structure:

  • UX/UI Team: You will join a passionate team of 5 UX/UI specialists. This suggests a collaborative environment where knowledge sharing and peer feedback are likely encouraged.

  • Cross-functional Collaboration: The role emphasizes being the "référent fonctionnel" and making the "lien entre les équipes Commerce, Support, Développement, Test, et Direction." This highlights a highly collaborative structure where operations professionals are central to bridging different business functions.

  • Reporting: While not explicitly stated, the "non cadre" status and reporting to management/direction for decision-making suggest a clear hierarchical structure with opportunities for direct impact on strategic decisions.

Methodology:

  • User-Centric Design: The core of the role is understanding and designing for user needs, translating them into intuitive interfaces and functional specifications.

  • Data-Informed Decisions: Analysis of existing usage and data is a key part of the design process.

  • Process Rigor: Certifications like ISO 9001 and Ecovadis suggest a commitment to quality management, structured processes, and continuous improvement, which are foundational to effective operations.

  • Agile/Iterative Approach: Implied by the need to manage projects from concept to delivery, involving development and testing teams throughout.

Company Website: https://careers.primal.tech

📝 Enhancement Note: Primal positions itself as an innovative tech company with a strong social and ecological mission ("TechForGood"). The combination of established expertise (40+ years) and a focus on cutting-edge IoT solutions is a key differentiator. The company culture is described as #Innovation, #EspritDéquipe, #Qualité, #TechForGood, suggesting a professional yet collaborative and purpose-driven environment. This context is crucial for operations candidates to understand how their role contributes to the company's broader mission.

📈 Career & Growth Analysis

Operations Career Level: This role is positioned as a mid-level Designer with significant functional responsibility. It's an opportunity for a UX/UI professional to expand their skillset into functional analysis and project coordination, acting as a key interface between business and technology. The emphasis on "monter vite en compétences" and "responsabilités" suggests a fast-paced learning environment.

Reporting Structure: The role reports to management and works closely with various departments (Commerce, Support, Development, Test, Direction). While the direct manager isn't specified, the functional lead aspect implies significant autonomy within project teams and direct interaction with decision-makers.

Operations Impact: The role has a direct impact on the usability, intuitiveness, and overall success of Primal's intelligent IoT products. By ensuring seamless user experiences and clear functional specifications, this position contributes to customer satisfaction, product adoption, and ultimately, the company's mission-driven goals in health, environment, and smart living. The ability to influence product direction through design proposals and functional analysis is a key aspect of this impact.

Growth Opportunities:

  • Skill Expansion: Develop expertise in functional specification writing, project coordination, and cross-functional stakeholder management, complementing core UX/UI skills.

  • Product Ownership: Gain deeper involvement in the product lifecycle, from conception to deployment, for innovative IoT solutions.

  • Leadership Potential: Opportunity to become a functional lead and a key point of contact for product development, potentially leading to more senior roles in product management or operations.

  • Industry Specialization: Deepen knowledge in specific sectors like health tech or environmental tech through product exposure.

  • Professional Development: The company offers annual performance and professional development reviews, supporting career progression and skill enhancement.

📝 Enhancement Note: This role offers a clear path for growth beyond pure design. The "conception fonctionnelle" aspect is a significant differentiator that can lead to roles with more strategic influence. The company's focus on "forte croissance" and "monter vite en compétences" suggests a dynamic environment where ambitious individuals can advance.

🌐 Work Environment

Office Type: The role is primarily based in an "open space lumineux" in Clapiers, described as conducive to exchanges. This suggests a modern, collaborative workspace designed to foster communication and teamwork.

Office Location(s): 5 Rue Georges Besse, Clapiers, 34830, France, near Montpellier. This location offers the benefit of the "qualité de vie à Clapiers," implying a pleasant working environment with good access to amenities and a desirable lifestyle.

Workspace Context:

  • Collaborative Atmosphere: The open-space layout and emphasis on "Esprit d'équipe" encourage interaction and idea sharing among colleagues.

  • Technology & Tools: While specific hardware isn't detailed, the requirement for advanced design software (Figma, Adobe XD, Sketch) implies access to capable workstations and relevant digital tools.

  • Team Interaction: Regular team meetings, cross-functional collaboration, and company events are integrated into the work environment, providing ample opportunities for professional and social interaction.

Work Schedule:

  • Full-time (39 hours per week) with a hybrid arrangement, allowing for occasional telecommuting. This offers a balance between in-office collaboration and personal flexibility, crucial for maintaining productivity and work-life balance.

📝 Enhancement Note: The description paints a picture of a modern, pleasant, and collaborative work environment. The emphasis on "luminosité" and "qualité de vie" in Clapiers suggests a company that values employee well-being. The hybrid model with occasional telecommuting is a key aspect for candidates seeking flexibility.

📄 Application & Portfolio Review Process

Interview Process:

  • Initial Contact: A brief phone call to gauge initial fit and discuss the role.

  • Core Interviews (2-3): These will likely involve a mix of visual assessment of your portfolio, discussion of your design process and functional specification examples, and behavioral questions. They may be conducted via video call or in person at the Clapiers office.

  • Focus Areas: Expect questions about your experience with specific tools, your approach to user research, how you translate requirements into actionable specifications, and how you handle cross-functional communication and project challenges.

  • Final Stage: Offer and contract signing.

Portfolio Review Tips:

  • Curate Selectively: Choose 3-5 of your strongest projects that best demonstrate both your UX/UI design skills and your functional specification capabilities. Prioritize projects that align with Primal's industry (IoT, health, environment) if possible.

  • Showcase Process: For each project, clearly outline your role, the problem statement, your design process (research, ideation, wireframing, prototyping, testing), and the final outcome/impact.

  • Highlight Functional Specs: Include examples of detailed functional specifications. Explain the context, the level of detail, and how they facilitated development.

  • Quantify Impact: Whenever possible, use metrics to demonstrate the success of your designs and specifications (e.g., "improved user task completion by X%", "reduced ambiguity for developers by Y%").

  • Be Prepared to Discuss: Know your portfolio inside and out. Be ready to explain your design decisions, trade-offs you made, and how you collaborated with others.

Challenge Preparation:

  • Functional Specification Exercise: You might be given a scenario or a set of requirements and asked to draft a functional specification or outline key user flows. Focus on clarity, structure, and anticipating developer/tester needs.

  • Design Problem: A small design challenge or a critique of an existing interface might be presented. Demonstrate your analytical skills and your ability to articulate design rationale.

  • Behavioral Questions: Prepare to discuss your experience with cross-functional collaboration, handling conflicting requirements, and managing project timelines. Use the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to structure your answers.

📝 Enhancement Note: The interview process is designed to assess both technical skills and cultural fit. The emphasis on a "non formal letter of motivation" and the request for "quelques lignes sur toi, ton parcours et ce qui te donne envie de nous rejoindre !" suggests a desire for genuine enthusiasm and a personal connection. The portfolio is key, and candidates should be ready to present both their design work and their documentation skills.

🛠️ Tools & Technology Stack

Primary Design Tools:

  • Figma: Expected to be a primary tool for collaborative design, wireframing, prototyping, and potentially design system management.

  • Adobe XD: Another common tool for UX/UI design, prototyping, and collaboration.

  • Sketch: A popular choice for UI design, especially on macOS.

  • Prototyping Tools: Specific tools may be used for advanced prototyping beyond Figma/XD, depending on project complexity.

Documentation & Collaboration Tools:

  • Functional Specification Writing: While specific tools aren't mentioned, candidates should be adept at using standard office suites (e.g., Microsoft Office, Google Workspace) for detailed documentation. Tools like Confluence or Jira might also be integrated into their workflow for project management and documentation.

  • Project Management: Likely use of tools like Jira, Asana, or Trello for tracking tasks, sprints, and project progress.

  • Communication: Slack or similar platforms for real-time team communication.

Analytics & Reporting Tools (Indirect Use):

  • While not a direct responsibility, an understanding of how user data is collected and analyzed (e.g., using tools like Google Analytics, Mixpanel, or specialized IoT analytics platforms) will be beneficial for informing design decisions. CRM & Integration (Awareness):

  • Familiarity with CRM systems (like Salesforce) and the concept of data integration between systems will be helpful for understanding the broader business context of the applications being designed.

📝 Enhancement Note: Proficiency in Figma, Adobe XD, or Sketch is a mandatory requirement. Candidates should be prepared to discuss their experience with these tools in detail. The ability to create clear, structured documentation for functional specifications is equally critical, implying proficiency with standard office productivity software and potentially project management/collaboration platforms.

👥 Team Culture & Values

Operations Values:

  • #Innovation: A commitment to developing cutting-edge, intelligent solutions that push technological boundaries.

  • #EspritDéquipe (Team Spirit): Emphasis on collaboration, mutual support, and a strong sense of camaraderie within and across teams.

  • #Qualité (Quality): A dedication to high standards in product development, reflected in certifications like ISO 9001 and a focus on creating durable, reliable products.

  • #TechForGood: A core value of using technology to address meaningful ecological and societal challenges, driving purpose-driven work.

  • User-Centricity: Placing the user at the heart of all design and development decisions.

  • Efficiency & Clarity: Valuing clear communication and structured processes (evident in functional specification requirements).

Collaboration Style:

  • Cross-functional Integration: The role is designed to be a bridge between business (Commerce, Support) and technology (Development, Test), requiring strong interpersonal skills and the ability to translate between different technical and business languages.

  • Open Communication: The open-space environment and emphasis on team spirit suggest a culture where open dialogue, feedback exchange, and constructive criticism are encouraged.

  • Knowledge Sharing: Working in a specialized team of 5 UX/UI professionals, there's an expectation of shared learning and collaborative problem-solving.

  • Proactive Engagement: The company encourages employees to contribute to continuous improvement and participate in company events, fostering an engaged and proactive workforce.

📝 Enhancement Note: Primal's stated values (#Innovation, #EspritDéquipe, #Qualité, #TechForGood) are integral to their identity. Candidates should reflect on how their own work ethic and approach align with these values, particularly how they contribute to innovation, team success, and the company's mission. The collaborative style is not just about working together but about actively bridging gaps between departments.

⚡ Challenges & Growth Opportunities

Challenges:

  • Balancing Creative Vision with Technical Constraints: Designing innovative user experiences while adhering to technical limitations, project timelines, and functional requirements.

  • Translating Ambiguous Needs: Effectively gathering and interpreting requirements from various stakeholders, some of whom may not have a clear vision of the final product.

  • Maintaining Consistency: Ensuring a unified and intuitive user experience across multiple applications and features, especially as the product suite grows.

  • Bridging Communication Gaps: Acting as the primary functional liaison between non-technical business teams and technical development teams requires strong communication and negotiation skills.

  • Rapidly Evolving Technology: Keeping pace with advancements in IoT, UX/UI design trends, and associated technologies.

Learning & Development Opportunities:

  • Deepen UX/UI Expertise: Gain exposure to complex IoT product design challenges and refine advanced design techniques.

  • Master Functional Specification: Develop robust skills in technical writing and functional analysis, becoming a go-to resource for detailed project documentation.

  • Cross-Functional Acumen: Enhance understanding of business operations, development lifecycles, and quality assurance processes through close collaboration.

  • Project Management Skills: Improve ability to manage project timelines, identify risks, and coordinate diverse teams.

  • Industry Exposure: Immerse in the specific challenges and opportunities within the health, environmental, and connected pool sectors.

  • Mentorship: Benefit from working within a specialized team and potentially receiving guidance from senior management on career development.

📝 Enhancement Note: The role presents significant opportunities for growth by combining design with functional analysis. Candidates who thrive on tackling complex problems, enjoy continuous learning, and are eager to expand their technical and communication skills will find this role particularly rewarding. The "challenges" are framed as opportunities for development.

💡 Interview Preparation

Strategy Questions:

  • "Describe your process for translating a business requirement into a detailed functional specification. What are the key elements you include?"

    • Preparation: Be ready to walk through your methodology, emphasizing clarity, completeness, and how you anticipate developer/tester needs. Use an example from your portfolio.
  • "How do you ensure consistency in user experience across different applications or features within a product suite?"

    • Preparation: Discuss your approach to design systems, style guides, and user journey mapping. Highlight how you collaborate with developers to maintain this consistency.
  • "Imagine you have conflicting requirements from the sales team and the engineering team. How would you approach resolving this?"

    • Preparation: Focus on your communication and negotiation skills. Explain how you would gather more information, facilitate discussion, and propose solutions that balance business needs with technical feasibility.
  • "Walk us through a complex UX/UI project from your portfolio. What was the problem, your approach, and the outcome?"

    • Preparation: Select a project that showcases your end-to-end process, including user research, design decisions, and any functional documentation. Be prepared to discuss challenges and learnings. Company & Culture Questions:
  • "What interests you most about Primal's mission, particularly our #TechForGood approach?"

    • Preparation: Research Primal's specific projects (ATTENTIVE, SOLEM, INDYGO) and their impact. Connect your personal values and career aspirations to their mission.
  • "How do you contribute to a team environment, especially in a collaborative open-space setting?"

    • Preparation: Discuss your experience with teamwork, knowledge sharing, and constructive feedback. Highlight your ability to work effectively with diverse personalities.
  • "Given our focus on quality (ISO 9001), how do you ensure the quality of your design and documentation work?"

    • Preparation: Discuss your attention to detail, your use of checklists, peer reviews, and your commitment to thoroughness in both design and written specifications. Portfolio Presentation Strategy:
  • Storytelling: Frame each project as a narrative – the challenge, your solution, and the impact.

  • Visual Clarity: Use high-quality visuals for mockups and prototypes. Ensure any functional specification examples are easy to read and understand.

  • Interactive Demos: If possible, provide live demos of interactive prototypes to showcase user flows and interactive elements.

  • Focus on Process: Emphasize how you arrived at your solutions, not just the final output. Explain your decision-making rationale.

  • Tailor to Primal: Briefly explain how your skills and experience would benefit Primal's specific product lines and mission.

📝 Enhancement Note: Interview preparation should focus on demonstrating a blend of creative design talent and rigorous functional analysis capability. Candidates should be ready to articulate their thought process clearly and provide concrete examples from their experience, especially those that align with Primal's values and industry.

📌 Application Steps

To apply for this operations position:

  • Submit your application through the application link on the Primal careers website.

  • Craft a concise personal statement: Instead of a formal cover letter, prepare a few lines explaining who you are, your relevant experience, and precisely why you are excited about joining Primal and this specific role.

  • Optimize your resume: Ensure your resume clearly highlights your UX/UI design experience, functional specification skills, proficiency with relevant tools (Figma, Adobe XD, Sketch), and any experience in IoT, health tech, or environmental tech. Use keywords from the job description.

  • Prepare your portfolio: Ensure your portfolio is up-to-date, well-organized, and showcases 3-5 key projects demonstrating both your design process and your functional documentation capabilities. Be ready to present and discuss it.

  • Research Primal: Familiarize yourself with their products (ATTENTIVE, SOLEM, INDYGO), their mission (#TechForGood), and their culture. Understand how your skills can contribute to their goals.

⚠️ Important Notice: This enhanced job description includes AI-generated insights and operations industry-standard assumptions. All details should be verified directly with the hiring organization before making application decisions.

Application Requirements

Candidates must have a higher education degree in UX/UI Design and at least 3 years of relevant experience. Proficiency in design tools like Figma, Adobe XD, or Sketch is required, along with strong organizational and analytical skills.