Lead Designer - PHE (MEP)

📍 Job Overview

Job Title: Lead Designer - PHE (MEP)

Company: AECOM

Location: Gurugram, Haryana, India

Job Type: Full-time

Category: Design & Engineering Operations

Date Posted: September 01, 2026

Experience Level: 10+ Years

Remote Status: Hybrid

🚀 Role Summary

• Spearhead advanced BIM design and modeling for Plumbing and Fire Fighting (PHE) systems, focusing on large-scale projects, particularly within the Middle East region.

• Provide critical technical leadership and direct project delivery support, ensuring high-quality outputs that meet stringent project timelines and client expectations.

• Drive the adoption and continuous improvement of BIM standards, processes, and automation initiatives within the Enterprise Capabilities (EC) team.

• Foster a culture of digital engineering best practices and provide training and technical support to design staff on BIM tools and workflows.

• Collaborate effectively with multidisciplinary teams to resolve complex modeling and coordination challenges, ensuring seamless integration of PHE systems.

📝 Enhancement Note: This role is positioned within AECOM's "Enterprise Capabilities" team, emphasizing a global, workshare-oriented approach to technical expertise. The "Lead Designer" title, combined with the responsibilities, indicates a senior technical role focused on BIM and MEP systems, with a strong emphasis on project delivery and team development, rather than pure management. The requirement for limited supervision points to a high degree of autonomy and expertise.

📈 Primary Responsibilities

• Develop and manage detailed 3D BIM models for Plumbing and Fire Fighting systems using Autodesk Revit, adhering strictly to project-specific requirements and BIM Execution Plans (BEP).

• Produce comprehensive, coordinated construction drawings, layouts, and schematics that align with project standards, specifications, and Level of Development (LOD) requirements.

• Ensure direct project delivery support by consistently meeting quality benchmarks, project timelines, and client satisfaction goals.

• Actively participate in clash detection and resolution activities with multidisciplinary teams, leveraging BIM coordination tools to identify and mitigate integration issues.

• Conduct rigorous model reviews, perform Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) checks, and ensure the accuracy, completeness, and compliance of all deliverables.

• Develop, maintain, and apply standardized Revit families, templates, and content libraries to enhance efficiency and consistency across projects.

• Support the implementation of asset data requirements, such as COBie, within BIM models for downstream facility management and operational integration.

• Provide training and ongoing technical support to junior design staff on BIM tools, advanced workflows, and industry best practices.

• Contribute to the continuous improvement of BIM standards, processes, and explore automation opportunities to enhance project delivery efficiency.

• Assist in troubleshooting complex modeling, coordination, and system integration challenges encountered during project execution.

• Champion the adoption of digital engineering practices and innovative solutions across project teams to drive efficiency and project success.

📝 Enhancement Note: The responsibilities highlight a blend of hands-on BIM design, technical leadership, and process improvement. The emphasis on "Middle East projects" suggests familiarity with regional codes and project complexities. The inclusion of "asset data requirements (e.g., COBie)" points towards a growing need for BIM models that serve beyond construction, into operational phases, a key aspect of modern infrastructure projects.

🎓 Skills & Qualifications

Education:

• Diploma or Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering or a closely related technical discipline. Experience:

• A minimum of 10 years of progressive experience in BIM/Revit modeling, with a specialized focus on MEP systems, particularly Plumbing and Fire Fighting.

• Proven track record of successfully contributing to large-scale projects, with a demonstrated preference for experience on projects within the Middle East region. Required Skills:

• Advanced proficiency in Autodesk Revit MEP for developing detailed 3D models and construction documentation.

• Strong understanding of BIM processes, including BIM Execution Plans (BEP), Level of Development (LOD) standards, and multi-disciplinary coordination workflows.

• Experience with clash detection and coordination tools such as Autodesk Navisworks.

• Knowledge of relevant international and regional codes and standards, including NFPA, IPC (International Plumbing Code), and specific local authority requirements pertinent to the Middle East.

• Ability to work independently with minimal supervision, demonstrating strong problem-solving skills and decision-making capabilities.

• Excellent technical communication skills for collaborating with design teams, project managers, and clients. Preferred Skills:

• Experience with Autodesk Construction Cloud (ACC) or BIM 360 platforms for enhanced project collaboration and data management.

• Possession of BIM certifications or equivalent digital delivery credentials from recognized institutions.

• Familiarity with scripting or automation tools to enhance Revit workflows.

📝 Enhancement Note: The requirement for "10+ years of experience" and "limited supervision" indicates this is a senior technical role, likely acting as a subject matter expert (SME) within the team. The specific mention of Middle East projects and relevant codes (NFPA, IPC) is crucial for candidates to highlight. Proficiency in Revit MEP is paramount, with Navisworks and an understanding of BEP/LOD being key operational requirements.

📊 Process & Systems Portfolio Requirements

Portfolio Essentials:

• Showcase a minimum of three complex BIM modeling projects specifically for Plumbing and Fire Fighting systems, demonstrating advanced Revit capabilities.

• Include examples of coordinated construction drawings, layouts, and schematics derived from detailed 3D models.

• Provide evidence of clash detection and resolution processes, highlighting how coordination issues were identified and resolved using tools like Navisworks.

• Demonstrate understanding and application of BIM Execution Plans (BEP) and Level of Development (LOD) standards through project examples.

• Include examples of Revit family creation and content library development, if applicable, to showcase efficiency contributions. Process Documentation:

• Detail the workflow for developing and managing 3D BIM models from concept to construction documentation for PHE systems.

• Explain the process for multidisciplinary coordination, including clash detection, reporting, and resolution strategies.

• Describe methods for ensuring compliance with project-specific BIM standards, BEPs, and LOD requirements.

• Illustrate the process for conducting model reviews, QA/QC checks, and ensuring the accuracy and completeness of BIM deliverables.

📝 Enhancement Note: For a Lead Designer role focused on BIM, a portfolio is critical. Candidates should be prepared to present detailed case studies of their work, focusing on the complexity of the PHE systems, the coordination challenges overcome, and the quality of the final documentation. Highlighting the application of BEP and LOD, and demonstrating proficiency with clash detection tools, will be key evaluation points.

💵 Compensation & Benefits

Salary Range:

The estimated salary range for this Lead Designer - PHE (MEP) position in Gurugram, India, with 10+ years of experience, is between ₹1,500,000 and ₹2,500,000 per annum. This estimate is based on industry benchmarks for similar roles in major Indian metropolitan areas, considering the specialized technical expertise required, the seniority level, and AECOM's standing as a global infrastructure leader. Factors such as specific project experience, negotiation skills, and the final candidate's qualifications will influence the exact compensation.

Benefits:

• Comprehensive Medical, Dental, and Vision insurance coverage.

• Life Insurance and Accidental Death & Dismemberment (AD&D) benefits.

• Disability benefits to provide income protection.

• Generous Paid Time Off (PTO) and various Leaves of Absence options.

• Access to Voluntary Benefits programs for additional coverage needs.

• Flexible Work Options and Hybrid Working Philosophy to promote work-life balance.

• Employee Well-being Resources and Employee Assistance Program (EAP) for holistic support.

• Business Travel Insurance for work-related travel.

• Service Recognition Awards to acknowledge long-term commitment.

• Retirement Savings Plan (e.g., Provident Fund) to support future financial security.

• Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) offering opportunities for ownership. Working Hours:

The standard working hours for this role are approximately 40 hours per week, aligning with typical full-time employment in India. While AECOM promotes a "Freedom to Grow" hybrid working philosophy, specific daily schedules may vary based on project demands and team coordination needs. Flexibility is expected to accommodate project deadlines and international collaboration, particularly with Middle East-based teams.

📝 Enhancement Note: The salary range provided is an estimate based on the role's seniority (10+ years, Lead), location (Gurugram, India), and the industry (Engineering/Infrastructure). The benefits package listed is extensive and typical for a large multinational corporation like AECOM, offering strong support for employees' financial, health, and personal well-being. The hybrid work model is explicitly mentioned, with a note on expected flexibility for project needs.

🎯 Team & Company Context

🏢 Company Culture

Industry: Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) Services, Infrastructure Development, Consulting. AECOM operates globally, providing a wide range of professional services for infrastructure projects across various sectors like transportation, water, environment, and buildings. The "Enterprise Capabilities" team specifically focuses on global workshare and technical expertise delivery.

Company Size: AECOM is a large, multinational corporation with over 3,000 technical professionals in its Enterprise Capabilities (EC) team alone, and a global workforce that is a Fortune 500 firm with significant revenue. This scale offers stability, diverse project opportunities, and a structured environment.

Founded: AECOM was founded in 1910, signifying a long history of expertise and evolution in the engineering and construction industry. This historical depth suggests a stable company with established processes and a strong reputation.

Team Structure:

• The Enterprise Capabilities (EC) team is a large, global unit (3000+ professionals) that partners with regional project teams. This role is within the EC team, based in Gurugram, likely specializing in BIM for PHE systems.

• The team operates across geographic boundaries and time zones, implying a need for strong remote collaboration and asynchronous communication skills.

• Reporting structure likely involves a direct manager within the EC team and close collaboration with project-specific leads or managers from regional business lines.

• Cross-functional collaboration is essential, requiring interaction with other engineering disciplines (structural, architectural, electrical), project managers, and potentially clients. Methodology:

• Data Analysis and Insights: Emphasis on leveraging BIM data for design coordination, clash detection, and potentially for asset management (e.g., COBie). Decisions are data-driven, informed by model accuracy and coordination reports.

• Workflow Planning and Optimization: Focus on developing and refining BIM workflows, standardizing Revit content, and improving process efficiency through automation and best practices.

• Automation and Efficiency Practices: Encouraging the adoption of digital engineering practices and exploring automation initiatives to accelerate project delivery and enhance quality.

Company Website: https://www.aecom.com/

📝 Enhancement Note: AECOM's "Enterprise Capabilities" team is a strategic component designed to leverage global talent and expertise. This means the role offers exposure to international projects and diverse teams, but also requires adaptability to different project workflows and communication styles. The company's size and history suggest a robust operational framework and significant career development potential within various business lines.

📈 Career & Growth Analysis

Operations Career Level: This position is classified as a "Lead Designer," indicating a senior technical expert role. It sits above junior or mid-level designers and BIM modelers, requiring significant independent judgment and the ability to guide others. The role is focused on technical mastery of BIM for PHE systems and ensuring project-specific design quality and coordination. It is a critical contributor to the "Enterprise Capabilities" team's ability to deliver specialized services globally.

Reporting Structure: The Lead Designer will likely report to a BIM Manager or a Technical Lead within the Enterprise Capabilities team in Gurugram. They will also work closely with Project Managers and discipline leads on specific projects, providing technical direction and deliverables for PHE systems. This structure allows for both centralized technical guidance and project-specific execution.

Operations Impact: The Lead Designer's impact is primarily on the technical execution and quality of PHE system designs within large-scale infrastructure projects. By ensuring accurate, coordinated BIM models and documentation, they directly contribute to:

• Reduced construction errors and rework.

• Improved project timelines and cost predictability.

• Enhanced client satisfaction through high-quality deliverables.

• Efficient integration of PHE systems with other building services.

• Contribution to AECOM's reputation for technical excellence and digital delivery. Growth Opportunities:

• Technical Specialization: Deepen expertise in advanced BIM modeling techniques, specific PHE system design complexities, or emerging digital design technologies.

• Leadership Development: Transition into roles such as BIM Manager, Technical Director, or Project Lead, managing larger teams or more complex technical aspects of projects.

• Process Improvement & Automation: Lead initiatives to develop new BIM standards, implement automation scripts, or champion new digital tools within the EC team.

• Cross-Disciplinary Exposure: Gain experience in other MEP disciplines or related engineering fields through AECOM's diverse project portfolio.

• Mentorship: Guide and mentor junior designers, developing leadership and training skills.

📝 Enhancement Note: The "Lead Designer" title suggests a path towards technical leadership rather than people management, although opportunities for mentorship and team guidance are present. Growth into broader BIM management, project technical leadership, or specialized system design within AECOM's vast global network is a strong possibility. The role’s impact is centered on technical quality and efficiency within the design and engineering operations.

🌐 Work Environment

Office Type: AECOM operates a hybrid work model. This role is based in Gurugram, India, and will involve working from an AECOM office location for a portion of the week, alongside remote workdays. The office environment is likely professional, equipped with standard corporate amenities and IT infrastructure.

Office Location(s): The primary office location for this role is Gurugram, Haryana, India. AECOM has a significant presence in major business hubs, offering accessibility for employees. Specific office details (e.g., exact address, floor) are provided in the job listing snippet: "22nd Floor B".

Workspace Context:

• Collaborative Environment: The hybrid model encourages collaboration through in-office days, facilitating team meetings, design reviews, and knowledge sharing sessions with colleagues.

• Operations Tools & Technology: Employees will have access to AECOM's standard IT infrastructure, including high-performance workstations, necessary software licenses (Autodesk Revit, Navisworks, ACC/BIM 360), and reliable network connectivity for both office and remote work.

• Team Interaction: Opportunities for direct interaction with other BIM specialists, MEP engineers, project managers, and potentially global team members during virtual meetings and collaborative sessions.

Work Schedule: The role is full-time, with a standard 40-hour work week. The hybrid arrangement allows for a balance between structured office time and flexible remote work. Flexibility may be required to accommodate project deadlines, urgent coordination needs, and collaboration with teams in different time zones (e.g., Middle East).

📝 Enhancement Note: The hybrid work model is a key aspect of this role, requiring self-discipline and effective communication for both in-office and remote work. AECOM's established infrastructure should support seamless work across locations. The emphasis on collaboration, even in a hybrid setup, suggests a team culture that values shared problem-solving and knowledge transfer.

📄 Application & Portfolio Review Process

Interview Process:

• Initial Screening: A recruiter or HR representative will likely conduct an initial screening to assess basic qualifications, experience alignment, and cultural fit.

• Technical Interview 1: Expect a technical discussion with a hiring manager or senior BIM specialist. This will focus on your BIM/Revit proficiency, experience with PHE systems, and understanding of coordination workflows. Be prepared to discuss your experience with large-scale projects and Middle East codes.

• Portfolio Review & Technical Interview 2: A dedicated session to review your submitted portfolio. You will be expected to walk through specific projects, explain your design process, highlight challenges overcome, and demonstrate the impact of your work. This may involve a live demonstration or screen-sharing.

• Team/Cultural Fit Interview: An opportunity to meet potential team members or other stakeholders. This interview assesses collaboration style, problem-solving approach, and how well you align with AECOM's values and the "Enterprise Capabilities" team's global workshare model.

• Final Interview/Offer: Discussion with senior leadership or HR to finalize terms and extend an offer.

Portfolio Review Tips:

• Curate Selectively: Choose 2-3 of your most relevant and impactful projects, ideally from large-scale infrastructure or building projects with significant PHE system scope.

• Highlight Complexity: For each project, clearly articulate the design challenges, the scale of the PHE systems, and the specific technologies or methodologies used (e.g., advanced Revit features, complex family creation).

• Showcase Coordination: Detail your role in clash detection and coordination. Use screenshots or model views to illustrate clashes identified and how they were resolved with other disciplines.

• Quantify Impact: Where possible, quantify the benefits of your work (e.g., reduction in potential rework, efficiency gains, adherence to strict project timelines).

• Explain Your Process: Be ready to walk through your typical workflow for designing PHE systems in BIM, from initial setup to final documentation, including your approach to BEP and LOD compliance.

Challenge Preparation:

• BIM Scenario: You might be given a hypothetical scenario involving a complex PHE system design challenge or a coordination issue and asked to outline your approach to resolving it.

• Revit/Navisworks Task: A short, practical exercise demonstrating your proficiency in a specific Revit function or Navisworks feature related to PHE systems.

• Process Improvement Question: Be prepared to discuss how you would improve BIM workflows for PHE systems within a global team structure, focusing on efficiency and quality.

📝 Enhancement Note: The interview process will likely be thorough, with a strong emphasis on practical BIM skills and the ability to articulate technical processes. The portfolio review is a critical component, so candidates must prepare to present their work effectively, focusing on the technical details and impact relevant to PHE systems and large-scale projects. Understanding AECOM's global workshare model and hybrid approach will be beneficial.

🛠 Tools & Technology Stack

Primary Tools:

• Autodesk Revit MEP: The core software for 3D BIM modeling of Plumbing and Fire Fighting systems. Advanced proficiency is essential for family creation, system modeling, and documentation generation.

• Autodesk Navisworks: Critical for clash detection, model aggregation, and multidisciplinary coordination. Experience in setting up projects, running clash tests, and generating clash reports is expected.

• Autodesk AutoCAD: May be used for reviewing 2D drawings or for specific drafting tasks.

• Microsoft Office Suite (Excel, Word, PowerPoint): Essential for documentation, reporting, presentations, and general productivity.

Analytics & Reporting:

• BIM 360 / Autodesk Construction Cloud (ACC): Preferred platforms for cloud-based collaboration, document management, model coordination, and project delivery. Experience with these platforms for managing BIM data and workflows is highly valued.

• Custom Reporting Tools: Potentially utilize Revit's built-in reporting features or external tools to extract data for QA/QC, scheduling, or quantity take-offs.

CRM & Automation:

• Asset Data Management Tools (e.g., COBie integration): Understanding and ability to implement requirements for asset data, which feeds into facility management and operational systems.

• Potential for Scripting/Automation: While not explicitly stated as a requirement, familiarity with scripting languages (e.g., Python with Dynamo) or automation tools can be a significant advantage for improving Revit workflows and data processing.

📝 Enhancement Note: Proficiency in Autodesk Revit MEP and Navisworks is non-negotiable for this role. Experience with Autodesk Construction Cloud (ACC) or BIM 360 is a strong preference, indicating AECOM's commitment to digital collaboration platforms. Candidates should be ready to discuss their experience with these tools in the context of large-scale projects and PHE system design.

👥 Team Culture & Values

Operations Values:

• Technical Excellence: A commitment to delivering high-quality, accurate, and innovative design solutions. This translates to meticulous modeling, thorough coordination, and adherence to best practices in BIM for PHE systems.

• Collaboration & Teamwork: AECOM emphasizes working together across disciplines and geographies. This role requires active participation in team discussions, sharing knowledge, and supporting colleagues to achieve common project goals.

• Innovation & Digital Adoption: A drive to embrace new technologies and digital workflows to improve efficiency, accuracy, and project outcomes. This includes staying abreast of BIM advancements and automation opportunities.

• Client Focus & Delivery: A dedication to meeting client needs and project objectives, ensuring that deliverables are accurate, timely, and contribute to overall project success.

• Integrity & Safety: Upholding ethical standards and prioritizing safety in all design considerations, especially critical for fire-fighting systems.

Collaboration Style:

• Cross-functional Integration: The role demands close collaboration with architects, structural engineers, electrical engineers, project managers, and other stakeholders to ensure seamless integration of PHE systems.

• Process Review & Feedback: An open culture for discussing and refining BIM processes, sharing feedback on workflows, and collectively identifying areas for improvement.

• Knowledge Sharing: Encouraging the sharing of best practices, technical tips, and lessons learned within the team, particularly within the global "Enterprise Capabilities" framework. This might involve contributing to internal knowledge bases or presenting at team meetings.

📝 Enhancement Note: AECOM's culture likely values a blend of technical rigor and collaborative spirit, essential for a global engineering firm. The emphasis on "Enterprise Capabilities" suggests a culture that champions efficient workshare and leveraging diverse talent. Candidates should demonstrate an ability to work effectively in a hybrid environment and contribute positively to a team-oriented, results-driven culture.

⚡ Challenges & Growth Opportunities

Challenges:

• Global Collaboration Complexity: Effectively coordinating with teams across different time zones, cultures, and communication styles presents a significant challenge, requiring strong organizational and interpersonal skills.

• Maintaining High Standards on Diverse Projects: Ensuring consistent quality and adherence to standards across a variety of projects with potentially differing client requirements and regional complexities.

• Adapting to Evolving BIM Technology: Staying current with rapid advancements in BIM software, digital engineering tools, and industry best practices requires continuous learning and adaptation.

• Balancing Technical Depth with Project Demands: Managing the intricate technical details of PHE systems while meeting demanding project timelines and deliverables.

Learning & Development Opportunities:

• Operations Skill Advancement: Opportunities to specialize in advanced BIM modeling techniques, parametric design, or specific PHE system design areas.

• Industry Conferences & Certifications: Support for attending industry events (e.g., Autodesk University, BIM-focused conferences) and pursuing relevant certifications to enhance technical expertise.

• Operations Mentorship & Leadership: Access to mentorship programs and leadership development initiatives within AECOM, paving the way for career progression into management or senior technical roles.

• Exposure to Diverse Projects: Working on a wide array of international projects offers invaluable experience across different sectors and scales, broadening professional horizons.

📝 Enhancement Note: The challenges inherent in this role, particularly those related to global collaboration and technological evolution, also present significant opportunities for professional growth. AECOM's commitment to development suggests that employees who actively engage with these challenges will find ample avenues for skill enhancement and career advancement within the organization.

💡 Interview Preparation

Strategy Questions:

• BIM Strategy: "Describe your approach to developing a comprehensive BIM Execution Plan (BEP) for a large-scale MEP project, focusing specifically on Plumbing and Fire Fighting systems." (Prepare to discuss phases, roles, responsibilities, and key deliverables.)

• Collaboration & Stakeholder Management: "How would you manage coordination issues with a remote structural engineering team in a different time zone to ensure timely resolution of clashes impacting PHE systems?" (Focus on communication strategies, conflict resolution, and utilizing BIM collaboration tools.)

• Problem-Solving & Efficiency: "Imagine you discover a recurring modeling inefficiency in Revit for a specific type of fire sprinkler system. What steps would you take to address this, both for your current project and for broader team adoption?" (Highlight your analytical skills, process improvement mindset, and ability to implement solutions.)

Company & Culture Questions:

• "What interests you about AECOM's 'Enterprise Capabilities' team and its global workshare model?" (Research the EC team's strategic importance and articulate how your skills align with its mission.)

• "How do you see yourself contributing to AECOM's culture of innovation and digital engineering?" (Provide examples of how you've embraced new technologies or suggested process improvements in past roles.)

• "How do you ensure the accuracy and compliance of your BIM models, especially concerning critical systems like fire fighting, when working in a hybrid environment?" (Emphasize your QA/QC processes, attention to detail, and understanding of relevant codes.) Portfolio Presentation Strategy:

• Structure Your Narrative: For each project, clearly state the project's scope, your role, the key PHE systems involved, the primary challenges, your specific contributions, and the final outcomes.

• Quantify Your Impact: Use metrics whenever possible. For instance, "Identified and resolved X number of critical clashes, preventing Y potential rework," or "Developed a standardized Revit family that reduced modeling time by Z%."

• Demonstrate Technical Proficiency: Be ready to explain specific Revit techniques, Navisworks clash detection settings, or how you applied BEP/LOD standards. Visual aids (screenshots, short model walkthroughs) are highly recommended.

• Align with AECOM's Needs: Tailor your presentation to highlight experience with large-scale projects, Middle East codes, and collaborative workflows, as these are key requirements for this role.

📝 Enhancement Note: Interview preparation should focus on demonstrating deep technical expertise in BIM for PHE systems, a strong understanding of coordination processes, and the ability to thrive in a hybrid, global work environment. Be ready to discuss your experience with specific tools and methodologies, and to articulate how your work contributes to project success and efficiency.

📌 Application Steps

To apply for this Lead Designer - PHE (MEP) position:

• Submit your application through the provided job link on AECOM's careers portal.

• Portfolio Customization: Curate your resume and portfolio to prominently feature your 10+ years of experience in BIM/Revit MEP, specifically highlighting your work on Plumbing and Fire Fighting systems for large-scale projects, ideally with Middle East exposure. Ensure your portfolio showcases examples of detailed 3D modeling, construction documentation, and clash detection.

• Resume Optimization: Tailor your resume to include keywords such as "BIM," "Revit MEP," "Plumbing Design," "Fire Fighting Systems," "Navisworks," "Clash Detection," "BEP," "LOD," "MEP Coordination," and "Autodesk." Quantify achievements where possible, focusing on efficiency, accuracy, and project delivery impact.

• Interview Preparation: Practice articulating your technical processes, problem-solving approaches, and collaboration strategies. Prepare to walk through your portfolio with confidence, emphasizing your contributions and the impact of your work. Research AECOM's "Enterprise Capabilities" team and its role in global project delivery.

• Company Research: Familiarize yourself with AECOM's project portfolio, company values, and its commitment to digital engineering. Understand the "Freedom to Grow" hybrid working philosophy and how it aligns with your work style.

⚠️ Important Notice: This enhanced job description includes AI-generated insights and operations industry-standard assumptions. All details should be verified directly with the hiring organization before making application decisions.