Senior Director Global Product Strategy - Duvakitug

📍 Job Overview

Job Title: Senior Director Global Product Strategy - Duvakitug

Company: Teva Pharmaceuticals

Location: Parsippany, New Jersey, United States

Job Type: Full-Time

Category: Product Strategy / Marketing Operations

Date Posted: October 13, 2025

Experience Level: 10+ years

Remote Status: Hybrid (2-3 days onsite)

🚀 Role Summary

• Define and execute the long-term global product strategy for Duvakitug, a critical pharmaceutical asset.

• Lead cross-functional teams to translate scientific innovation into robust commercial strategies and market value.

• Drive launch excellence and lifecycle management to maximize the brand's commercial success across key global markets.

• Develop and implement comprehensive brand strategies, including indication sequencing and expansion opportunities.

• Foster strong collaborative relationships with R&D, Medical Affairs, Market Access, and regional commercial teams to ensure strategic coherence and evidence generation.

📝 Enhancement Note: This role is positioned as a senior leadership function within Global Product Strategy, requiring significant experience in pharmaceutical commercialization and a deep understanding of product lifecycle management. The focus on "Duvakitug" indicates a specific, potentially high-profile product, demanding strategic vision and execution. The hybrid work arrangement suggests a need for strong remote collaboration skills alongside in-office engagement.

📈 Primary Responsibilities

• Develop, implement, and communicate the global brand strategy for Duvakitug, encompassing launch planning, lifecycle management, and indication sequencing to internal stakeholders with clarity and confidence.

• Align global forecasts, target product profiles (TPPs), and clinical endpoints to ensure strategic coherence and commercial success.

• Translate complex clinical and scientific data into differentiated value propositions and compelling messaging tailored for diverse stakeholder audiences (HCPs, payers, patients).

• Lead global launch readiness efforts for Duvakitug, partnering effectively with regional and affiliate teams to ensure market preparedness and strategic alignment.

• Identify and prioritize strategic expansion opportunities, including the exploration of new indications, to optimize long-term brand value.

• Drive robust lifecycle planning and indication sequencing to maximize the brand's commercial potential throughout its market presence.

• Partner closely with Regional Commercial Teams, R&D, Medical Affairs, and Market Access to guide evidence generation strategies and critical asset decisions.

• Support, partner with, and lead initiatives for the success of the Sanofi collaboration, fostering strong win-win relationships and defining an agile partnership model.

• Oversee market insights, competitive intelligence, and performance tracking (KPIs) to inform strategic adjustments and adapt plans proactively.

• Engage with Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs), advocacy groups, and external stakeholders to shape brand perception and support vital scientific exchange.

• Be accountable for the global brand strategy, global campaign assets, and core messaging for Duvakitug, ensuring consistency and relevance across all markets.

• Drive storytelling excellence to effectively communicate Duvakitug's value proposition to healthcare professionals (HCPs), payers, and patients.

📝 Enhancement Note: The responsibilities highlight a blend of strategic planning, cross-functional leadership, and tactical execution. The emphasis on "translating scientific innovation into compelling commercial strategies" and "driving storytelling excellence" points to a need for strong communication and marketing acumen within a scientific context. The mention of the Sanofi collaboration signifies the importance of partnership management and negotiation skills.

🎓 Skills & Qualifications

Education:

• Bachelor's degree required.

Experience:

• Minimum of 15 years of experience in commercial, marketing, or sales leadership roles within the pharmaceutical industry.

• Significant people leadership experience is mandatory.

• Demonstrated success in developing strategies that have led to outstanding long-term commercial results through effective team management.

• Recent experience working in a Tier 1 market (US or EU 5) within the last 5 years is preferred.

• Proven experience in senior marketing roles, preferably as a launch lead, with a track record of working effectively across global stakeholders (R&D, Medical, HEOR, etc.).

Required Skills:

• Global Product Strategy Development: Ability to conceptualize and articulate a long-term strategic vision for a pharmaceutical product on a global scale.

• Brand Strategy & Lifecycle Management: Expertise in creating and executing comprehensive brand plans, including launch, post-launch, and lifecycle management strategies.

• Cross-Functional Leadership & Collaboration: Proven ability to lead and influence diverse teams (R&D, Medical, Commercial, Market Access) to achieve common goals.

• Market & Competitive Analysis: Strong capability in gathering, interpreting, and acting upon market insights and competitive intelligence to inform strategic decisions.

• Stakeholder Management & Communication: Excellent skills in engaging with internal and external stakeholders, including KOLs, regulatory bodies, and commercial partners, to build consensus and drive alignment.

• Financial Acumen & Forecasting: Ability to develop and manage global forecasts, understand P&L implications, and align clinical endpoints with commercial objectives.

• Launch Excellence: Deep understanding of launch planning processes and execution, ensuring market readiness and successful introduction of new products.

• Strategic Storytelling: Proficiency in translating complex scientific and clinical information into compelling value propositions and narratives for various audiences.

Preferred Skills:

• Immunology Therapeutic Area Expertise: In-depth knowledge of the immunology landscape, including disease states, treatment paradigms, and key market dynamics.

• Partnership Management: Experience in managing and optimizing collaborations with external partners, such as co-promotion or co-development agreements.

• Advanced Degree: Master's degree (MBA, MPH, PhD) or equivalent advanced professional qualification.

• Global Launch Experience: Direct experience leading global launches for novel therapeutics.

• Market Access & HEOR Understanding: Familiarity with health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) and market access strategies.

📝 Enhancement Note: The requirements emphasize a seasoned leader with a minimum of 15 years of experience, highlighting extensive commercial and leadership expertise in pharmaceuticals. The specific mention of "recent experience in a Tier 1 market" and "launch lead" experience underscores the need for practical, hands-on knowledge of complex market launches. The preference for Immunology experience is critical for candidates targeting this role.

📊 Process & Systems Portfolio Requirements

Portfolio Essentials:

• Strategic Brand Plans: Showcase examples of comprehensive global brand strategies developed and implemented, detailing market analysis, target identification, positioning, and tactical execution.

• Launch Readiness Documentation: Present evidence of successful launch planning, including timelines, cross-functional alignment strategies, and market entry plans for pharmaceutical products.

• Lifecycle Management Case Studies: Provide case studies demonstrating how you've managed product lifecycles, including indication expansion, competitive response, and portfolio optimization.

• Value Proposition & Messaging Frameworks: Include examples of how you've translated scientific data into compelling value propositions and core messaging for diverse stakeholder groups (HCPs, payers, patients).

Process Documentation:

• Cross-Functional Alignment Workflows: Document processes used to ensure alignment and collaboration across R&D, Medical Affairs, Commercial, Market Access, and regional teams in product strategy development.

• Market Insight Integration Process: Illustrate how market insights, competitive intelligence, and performance data are collected, analyzed, and integrated into ongoing strategic planning and decision-making.

• Stakeholder Engagement & KOL Management: Outline structured approaches for engaging with Key Opinion Leaders, advocacy groups, and other external stakeholders to gather insights and shape market perception.

• Sanofi Collaboration Framework: If applicable, demonstrate a structured approach to managing partnerships, including communication protocols, Win-Win strategy development, and agile operational models.

📝 Enhancement Note: For a Senior Director role, a portfolio should demonstrate strategic thinking, leadership, and tangible impact. Candidates should be prepared to showcase comprehensive brand strategies, detailed launch plans, and successful lifecycle management initiatives. The ability to clearly articulate processes for cross-functional alignment and market insight integration will be crucial.

💵 Compensation & Benefits

Salary Range: $210,000 - $275,625 annually.

• Note: The provided salary range is based on the information in the job description. Factors such as candidate geography (e.g., New York City vs. other regions within New Jersey), specific skills, educational background, depth of experience, and other qualifications will influence the final compensation package.

Benefits:

• Comprehensive Health Insurance: Medical, Dental, Vision, and Prescription coverage available from the first day of employment (upon enrollment).

• Retirement Savings: 401(k) plan with a generous employer match of up to 6%, plus an annual 3.75% Defined Contribution to the 401(k) plan.

• Paid Time Off: Generous PTO including vacation, sick/safe time, caretaker time, and holidays.

• Life and Disability Protection: Company-paid Life and Disability insurance policies.

• Additional Benefits: A wide array of supplementary benefits including Employee Assistance Program, Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Tuition Assistance, Flexible Spending Accounts (FSA), Health Savings Account (HSA), Life Style Spending Account, Volunteer Time Off, Paid Parental Leave (if eligible), Family Building Benefits, Virtual Physical Therapy, Accident Insurance, Critical Illness Insurance, Hospital Indemnity Insurance, Identity Theft Protection, Legal Plan, Voluntary Life Insurance, and Long-Term Disability insurance.

• Potential for Additional Compensation: Total compensation may also include Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and discretionary awards, depending on the specific position offered.

Working Hours:

• Standard full-time work week, typically 40 hours.

• Hybrid work environment requiring 2-3 days onsite in Parsippany, NJ.

• Travel requirements are approximately up to 20% to support key meetings and cross-functional planning.

📝 Enhancement Note: The salary range is competitive for a Senior Director role in the pharmaceutical industry in the US. The benefits package is extensive and comprehensive, reflecting Teva's commitment to employee well-being and financial security. The hybrid work arrangement and travel requirement should be considered in relation to personal work preferences and flexibility.

🎯 Team & Company Context

🏢 Company Culture

Industry: Pharmaceutical Manufacturing & Healthcare. Teva Pharmaceuticals is a global leader in generic medicines and a significant player in innovative biopharmaceuticals. They are committed to making healthcare more affordable and accessible worldwide, impacting millions of lives daily through products on the World Health Organization's Essential Medicines List.

Company Size: Large, global organization with operations in nearly 60 countries. This scale implies robust infrastructure, established processes, and diverse career opportunities.

Founded: Teva Pharmaceuticals has a long history, founded in 1901. This longevity suggests stability, deep industry expertise, and a well-established corporate culture.

Team Structure:

• Global Product Strategy: This role likely sits within a broader Global Product Strategy or Global Marketing function, reporting to a Vice President or higher.

• Cross-Functional Collaboration: Expect to work closely with counterparts in R&D, Medical Affairs, Market Access, Regulatory Affairs, and regional/local commercial teams. The Sanofi collaboration indicates a dedicated partnership team or function.

• Reporting & Influence: While this role has direct leadership responsibilities, much of its success will depend on influencing without direct authority across diverse global teams and functions.

Methodology:

• Data-Driven Decision Making: Teva's mission-driven approach suggests a focus on using data (clinical, market, financial) to inform strategic decisions and measure impact.

• Patient-Centricity: The emphasis on improving health for millions underscores a commitment to patient outcomes and accessibility.

• Global Collaboration: Operating in nearly 60 countries necessitates strong cross-cultural communication and collaboration strategies.

• Innovation & Continuous Improvement: As a leader in both generics and innovative medicines, Teva likely fosters a culture that encourages finding new ways to make a difference and improve processes.

Company Website: https://www.tevapharmaceuticals.com/

📝 Enhancement Note: Teva's established global presence and mission-driven approach suggest a structured yet dynamic work environment. The company's dual focus on generics and innovative medicines provides a broad spectrum of operational challenges and opportunities. The size of the organization implies a need for strong process adherence and effective navigation of internal structures.

📈 Career & Growth Analysis

Operations Career Level: Senior Director, Global Product Strategy. This is a senior leadership role with significant responsibility for shaping the future of a key product. It requires a blend of strategic vision, commercial acumen, and leadership capabilities. The role is critical in translating scientific potential into tangible commercial success and market impact.

Reporting Structure: The Senior Director will likely report to a Vice President of Global Product Strategy or a similar senior executive within the Global Marketing or Commercial organization. They will manage a team of product managers and/or strategy leads, and will collaborate extensively with global and regional functional leaders.

Operations Impact: This role has a direct and substantial impact on the company's revenue and market position. By defining the global strategy for Duvakitug, the Senior Director influences critical decisions regarding R&D investment, clinical trial design, market access negotiations, and commercial execution, all of which directly contribute to the product's financial performance and its ability to reach patients. The success of Duvakitug will significantly contribute to Teva's overall growth and strategic objectives in its therapeutic areas.

Growth Opportunities:

• Executive Leadership: This role serves as a strong foundation for advancement into VP-level positions within Global Marketing, Commercial Operations, or broader Business Unit leadership.

• Broader Therapeutic Area Responsibility: Successful performance could lead to managing a portfolio of products or taking on responsibility for a larger therapeutic area.

• International Exposure: Continued work in a global role can deepen international market understanding and provide opportunities for international assignments or leadership.

• Strategic Project Leadership: Opportunities to lead significant strategic initiatives beyond core product management, such as market entry strategies for new regions or major portfolio reviews.

• Mentorship and Development: As a senior leader, there will be opportunities to mentor junior team members and contribute to the development of future leaders within Teva's operations and commercial functions.

📝 Enhancement Note: This role represents a significant step in a pharmaceutical commercialization career. The growth opportunities are clearly defined, leading towards executive leadership within a global pharmaceutical organization. The emphasis on impacting revenue and market position highlights the strategic importance of this position.

🌐 Work Environment

Office Type: Hybrid work model. Employees are expected to be in the office 2-3 days per week. This suggests a modern office environment designed to support both focused individual work and collaborative team activities.

Office Location(s): Parsippany, New Jersey, United States. This location is a significant hub for pharmaceutical and life sciences companies, offering access to a skilled talent pool and a well-established industry ecosystem.

Workspace Context:

• Collaborative Spaces: The hybrid model implies the availability of meeting rooms, project spaces, and common areas designed to facilitate interaction, brainstorming, and team alignment during in-office days.

• Technology & Tools: Expect access to standard corporate IT infrastructure, including high-speed internet, secure networks, and communication platforms essential for global collaboration. Specific operations tools will be detailed in the "Tools & Technology Stack" section.

• Team Interaction: In-office days will be crucial for building rapport, fostering team cohesion, and engaging in spontaneous discussions with colleagues within the Parsippany office and potentially with remote team members.

Work Schedule:

• Standard full-time hours (approximately 40 hours per week) are expected.

• Flexibility may be offered within the hybrid model regarding which days are spent in the office, subject to team and business needs.

• Given the global nature of the role, occasional work outside standard hours may be required to accommodate time zone differences for meetings and urgent communications.

📝 Enhancement Note: The hybrid work environment in Parsippany indicates a balance between in-office collaboration and remote flexibility. This setup is common in the pharmaceutical industry, aiming to optimize productivity and team synergy.

📄 Application & Portfolio Review Process

Interview Process:

• Initial Screening: An HR representative or recruiter will likely conduct an initial call to assess basic qualifications, interest, and cultural fit.

• Hiring Manager Interview: A detailed discussion with the hiring manager (likely a VP level) focusing on strategic thinking, leadership experience, and specific accomplishments related to product strategy and launch.

• Cross-Functional Interviews: Interviews with key stakeholders from R&D, Medical Affairs, Market Access, and regional commercial teams to assess collaboration capabilities, understanding of their respective functions, and ability to drive alignment.

• Case Study/Presentation: Candidates may be asked to prepare and present a strategic analysis of a hypothetical product launch, lifecycle management scenario, or competitive response plan. This assesses strategic thinking, data interpretation, and presentation skills.

• Senior Leadership Interview: A final interview with senior executives to evaluate overall fit, strategic vision, and leadership potential.

Portfolio Review Tips:

• Quantify Impact: For each portfolio item, clearly articulate the business impact using metrics (e.g., market share growth, revenue increase, successful launch metrics, cost savings).

• Highlight Strategic Thinking: Emphasize the "why" behind your strategies. Explain the market context, competitive landscape, and rationale for your decisions.

• Showcase Leadership & Collaboration: Demonstrate how you led cross-functional teams, managed stakeholders, and fostered collaboration to achieve results.

• Focus on Process & Methodology: Clearly outline the processes you employed for strategy development, launch planning, market analysis, and stakeholder engagement.

• Tailor to the Role: Select portfolio pieces that most directly align with the responsibilities and requirements of the Senior Director, Global Product Strategy - Duvakitug role, especially focusing on global strategy, launch, and lifecycle management.

• Storytelling: Present your work as compelling narratives that highlight challenges, your approach, and the successful outcomes.

Challenge Preparation:

• Strategic Case Study: Be prepared to analyze a market scenario, develop a product strategy, or outline a launch plan for a given indication or product. Focus on market segmentation, positioning, value proposition, and go-to-market tactics.

• Cross-Functional Alignment Scenario: Prepare to discuss how you would navigate disagreements or align priorities across different functional groups (e.g., R&D vs. Commercial, Medical vs. Marketing).

• Competitive Response: Practice outlining a strategy to respond to a competitor's product launch or strategic move.

• Data Interpretation: Be ready to interpret market data, clinical trial results, or financial forecasts and translate them into strategic recommendations.

📝 Enhancement Note: The interview process is designed to thoroughly assess strategic acumen, leadership effectiveness, and collaboration skills. A strong portfolio showcasing tangible results and a clear understanding of pharmaceutical product strategy is essential. The case study preparation should focus on practical application of the skills required for the role.

🛠️ Tools & Technology Stack

Primary Tools:

• CRM Systems (e.g., Salesforce): For customer relationship management, sales tracking, and understanding market interactions.

• Business Intelligence & Analytics Platforms (e.g., Tableau, Power BI): For creating dashboards, analyzing market performance, and visualizing data trends.

• Project Management Software (e.g., Asana, Jira, Microsoft Project): For planning, executing, and tracking complex global projects and launch activities.

• Collaboration Platforms (e.g., Microsoft Teams, Slack, Zoom): Essential for real-time communication, virtual meetings, and team collaboration across global time zones.

Analytics & Reporting:

• Market Research Databases (e.g., IQVIA, GlobalData): For access to syndicated market data, competitive intelligence, and therapeutic area insights.

• Forecasting Software/Models: Tools or methodologies for developing and refining global product forecasts.

• Data Visualization Tools: As mentioned above, for presenting performance metrics and strategic insights to stakeholders.

CRM & Automation:

• Marketing Automation Platforms (e.g., Marketo, HubSpot - though less common for global pharma strategy, may be used by regional marketing): For campaign execution and lead management at the regional level.

• Internal Teva Systems: Familiarity with Teva's internal proprietary systems for data management, reporting, and workflow processes will be beneficial.

• Collaboration Suites: Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) will be heavily utilized for document creation, analysis, and presentations.

📝 Enhancement Note: While specific tools are not explicitly listed, a Senior Director in Global Product Strategy will be expected to be proficient with standard enterprise-level CRM, BI, project management, and communication tools. Familiarity with pharmaceutical market data sources and forecasting methodologies is also critical.

👥 Team Culture & Values

Operations Values:

• Mission-Driven: A strong commitment to Teva's mission of making good health more affordable and accessible, driving decisions that benefit patients.

• Integrity and Compliance: Adherence to the highest ethical standards and regulatory compliance in all aspects of pharmaceutical operations and commercialization.

• Collaboration and Teamwork: Emphasis on working together across diverse functions and geographies to achieve shared goals, as evidenced by the Sanofi collaboration and cross-functional responsibilities.

• Innovation and Agility: Seeking new ways to make a difference and adapt to evolving market dynamics, especially in the competitive pharmaceutical landscape.

• Accountability and Excellence: Taking ownership of strategic initiatives and striving for high performance and outstanding results.

Collaboration Style:

• Global & Cross-Functional: The role necessitates a highly collaborative approach, bridging gaps between scientific development, market access, and commercial execution across different regions and functional departments.

• Partnership-Oriented: Strong emphasis on building and maintaining productive relationships, particularly with external partners like Sanofi, and internal stakeholders across the organization.

• Data-Informed: Collaborative discussions are likely to be data-driven, with a focus on evidence-based decision-making and objective performance evaluation.

• Strategic Alignment: The team likely values open communication and constructive debate to achieve alignment on the global strategy, ensuring buy-in from all relevant parties.

📝 Enhancement Note: Teva's stated mission and global reach imply a culture that values collaboration, integrity, and a patient-first approach. The Senior Director role requires navigating this culture effectively, driving alignment across diverse teams and geographies while upholding ethical standards.

⚡ Challenges & Growth Opportunities

Challenges:

• Navigating Ambiguity: The pharmaceutical landscape is constantly evolving. Candidates must be comfortable making strategic decisions with incomplete information and adapting plans as new data emerges.

• Global Stakeholder Alignment: Achieving consensus and driving action across diverse cultural, regional, and functional perspectives requires exceptional influencing and communication skills.

• Balancing Innovation and Generics: Teva operates in both innovative and generic pharmaceutical markets. Understanding how to strategically position a product like Duvakitug within this broader context can be complex.

• Competitive Market Dynamics: The pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive, requiring continuous monitoring of competitors and proactive strategy adjustments.

• Sanofi Collaboration Management: Successfully managing a partnership with a major pharmaceutical company like Sanofi requires strong negotiation, communication, and relationship-building skills to ensure mutual benefit and strategic alignment.

Learning & Development Opportunities:

• Advanced Strategic Leadership: Opportunity to hone executive-level strategic planning and decision-making skills.

• Therapeutic Area Specialization: Deepen expertise in Immunology or other relevant therapeutic areas through in-depth market engagement and cross-functional collaboration.

• Global Market Dynamics: Gain comprehensive insights into diverse global pharmaceutical markets, regulatory environments, and commercial practices.

• Partnership Management: Develop advanced skills in managing complex strategic alliances and co-commercialization agreements.

• Mentorship & Influence: Opportunity to mentor junior talent and influence strategic direction at a senior organizational level.

📝 Enhancement Note: The challenges presented are inherent to senior roles in the global pharmaceutical industry, requiring adaptability, strong interpersonal skills, and a strategic mindset. The growth opportunities are substantial, offering pathways to broader executive leadership and specialized expertise.

💡 Interview Preparation

Strategy Questions:

• "Describe a time you developed and implemented a global product strategy that led to significant commercial success. What were the key challenges, and how did you overcome them?" (Focus on your strategic framework, data utilization, cross-functional leadership, and quantifiable results.)

• "How would you approach developing the long-term lifecycle strategy for a product with multiple potential indications, considering market access, clinical development, and competitive pressures?" (Demonstrate your understanding of indication sequencing, TPPs, and evidence generation.)

Company & Culture Questions:

• "What excites you most about Teva's mission and our role in global healthcare?" (Connect your personal values and career aspirations to Teva's mission and its impact.)

• "How do you foster collaboration and drive alignment across diverse global teams with differing priorities and cultural backgrounds?" (Provide specific examples of your influencing and communication strategies.)

Portfolio Presentation Strategy:

• Structure Your Narrative: For each portfolio example, use a STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Result) or similar framework. Clearly articulate the context, your specific role and responsibilities, the actions you took, and the measurable outcomes.

• Focus on Strategic Rationale: Always explain the "why" behind your strategies and decisions. What market factors, competitive dynamics, or unmet needs informed your approach?

• Quantify Impact: Use specific data points and metrics to demonstrate the success of your initiatives. This could include market share growth, revenue impact, successful launch metrics, or efficiency gains.

• Illustrate Collaboration: Highlight instances where you effectively led or influenced cross-functional teams and external partners.

• Tailor to Duvakitug: Connect your experiences and past successes to the specific challenges and opportunities presented by the Duvakitug product.

📝 Enhancement Note: Interview preparation should focus on showcasing strategic depth, leadership experience, and a strong understanding of pharmaceutical commercialization. Candidates should be ready to articulate their strategic frameworks, demonstrate problem-solving skills, and provide concrete examples of their impact.

📌 Application Steps

To apply for this Senior Director, Global Product Strategy - Duvakitug position:

• Submit your application through the Teva Pharmaceuticals careers portal via the provided link.

• Resume Optimization: Tailor your resume to prominently feature keywords and accomplishments directly related to global product strategy, pharmaceutical marketing, launch excellence, lifecycle management, cross-functional leadership, and experience in relevant therapeutic areas (e.g., Immunology). Quantify achievements wherever possible.

• Portfolio Preparation: Curate a portfolio that includes 2-3 key examples of successful global product strategies, launch plans, or lifecycle management initiatives. Be prepared to discuss the strategic rationale, your role, the processes used, and the quantifiable results.

• Company Research: Thoroughly research Teva Pharmaceuticals, their current product portfolio (especially in relevant therapeutic areas), their mission, recent news, and their approach to global strategy and partnerships. Understand their competitive landscape.

• Interview Practice: Practice articulating your experience using the STAR method, focusing on strategic thinking, leadership, and measurable impact. Prepare thoughtful questions to ask the interviewers about the role, the team, and Teva's strategic priorities for Duvakitug.

⚠️ Important Notice: This enhanced job description includes AI-generated insights and operations industry-standard assumptions. All details should be verified directly with the hiring organization before making application decisions.